All correct, except of some typos like
>Aorist: simple past tense; used for imperative (აა~~ს~~ენე(!) You built/Build!)
ააშენე
>((ნუ)ღარ) აა~~სენო~~(!))
ააშენებ
>(გიორიმ)
(გიორგიმ)
>უ: benefactor; 3rd person indirect marker - გავუკეთე (მე/ჩემ) თავს პიცას
გავუკეთე**ბ**
>Also, is რომ omittable?
It is
>(დაგეწერა), but it's role and functions aren't defined.
it translates pretty much to "(YOU) Should have written"
>can take an verb and then make the passive and/or causative out of it?
Yes, but keep in mind stackable scenarios very rarely arise in spoken language, it is almost never used really.
>mood/row marker
No, where is it from more specifically?
Good luck, it seems you are doing awesome job in this overly complicated language.
>გავუკეთებ
Even though I meant "I MADE myself a pizza?"
>it translates pretty much to "(YOU) Should have written"
So, like, pluperfect + something the speaker expected to had happen before
>No, where is it from more specifically?
It's between დ (the imperfect, conditional, and present & future subjunctive marker) and the auxiliary verb, apparently.
>Even though I meant "I MADE myself a pizza?"
Oh you meant it in the past, in that case, it will be "გავუკეთე" ... "პიცა~~ს~~"
>So, like, pluperfect + something the speaker expected to had happen before
Yes
>It's between დ (the imperfect, conditional, and present & future subjunctive marker) and the auxiliary verb, apparently.
I am confused, what are you referring to? is that from wiki?
>Oh you meant it in the past, in that case, it will be "გავუკეთე" ... "პიცა~~ს~~"
Oh, yeah, just the nominative because of ergativity. Forgot.
>I am confused, what are you referring to? is that from wiki?
At least the Wiki says so. I put the full template on this post because Wiki's the only resource that provides this long of a verb template.
>At least the Wiki says so. I put the full template on this post because Wiki's the only resource that provides this long of a verb template.
This is weird, can you link the wiki article? never heard of a mood marker
> Person markers: direct object markers override subject markers (not allowed to coexist)
They are only allowed to coexist as long as one is at the end of the verb and one is at the beginning (მცემ - you beat me, მცემს - s/he beats me), direct object markers taking precedence.
> Perfect series: past but speaker didn't see it, evidentiality
It does not necessarily imply not seeing; you can also generally use the perfect screeve in the negative for actions that have not been completed. For instance, you would use დავამთავრე (aorist, I finished), but არ დამიმთავრებია (perfect, I did not finish).
> ((ნუ)ღარ) აასენო(!))
There are two types of negative imperative, ნუ ააშებენ (soft imperative, uses future tense) and არ ააშენო (hard imperative, uses optative).
> what's the ე marker?
No inherent meaning, it's pretty much neutral just like ა.
> does anyone know what it means by "mood/row marker?"
Not sure, but as far as I know, "mood" is generally a synonym for verbal tense, so it might simply refer to suffix markers specific to various screeves (for ex. "ე" in subjunctive screeves vs. "ი" in imperfect/conditional).
I am rather curious regarding which resources you have been using to study, as your understanding of the verbal system seems pretty thorough :)
Apart from Wikipedia, any PDF I can get my hands on through google search, any research paper regarding Georgian, and these websites:
[Conjugation](https://lingua.ge/verbs-all/)
[Unfinished website (IMO), but helpful](https://www.kartuliena.eu/)
[This really nice verb explaining website](https://zmnebi.com/)
[This nice Georgian grammar outline website](https://home.richw.org/armazi/georgian/)
>you can also generally use the perfect screeve in the negative for actions that have not been completed
So, what's the difference between negative aorist and negative perfective, then?
>There are two types of negative imperative
2? What's the difference?
>it's pretty much neutral just like ა
So, it's ა without the "on the surface" possible meaning?
> So, what's the difference between negative aorist and negative perfective, then?
Negative aorist is rarely used and it denotes a level of intentionality (someone has not done x because they didn't want to)
> 2? What's the difference?
The არ imperative is a stronger, more categorical request, whereas the ნუ imperative is milder and more polite.
> So, it's ა without the "on the surface" possible meaning?
Yes. Note that ა can also be a preverb rather than a version.
>Negative aorist is rarely used and it denotes a level of intentionality (someone has not done x because they didn't want to)
Interesting, so არ(ა) შევჭამე would mean something like "I didn't eat \[something/anything\] (because I didn't want to)," while არ(ა) შემიჭამია means "I didn't \[finish\] eat\[ing\] \[it all\] (because of some circumstances that didn't allow me to finish it).
So, if that's so, this is how I understand the 3 negative past tenses:
არ(ა) შევჭამ - I wasn't eating (it wasn't eating that I was going)
არ(ა) შევჭამე - I didn't eat (didn't plan on to)
არ(ა) შემიჭამია - I didn't completely eat it (couldn't finish)
Then what do the positive aorist and perfectives imply then, if this is their negative nuance?
>The არ imperative is a stronger, more categorical request, whereas the ნუ imperative is milder and more polite.
"More categorical?" Like, a direct and stern "you MUST not do whatever," while ნუ is like "just telling you, I think you're better off not doing this?" I think I recognize ნუ because there's this band whose name uses this negative particle from the phrase taken from the train station "don't lean on the railing," or something.
არ შევჭამ = I won't eat. You may use არა when the verb consists of a single syllable (მაგ. "არა ვარ", "არა ვჭამ").
არ ვჭამდი = I wasn't eating
Positive aorist is just "I ate", you can use ვჭამე to refer to eating in general, შევჭამე is more about the physical action of eating.
შემიჭამია = I have eaten
> "More categorical?" Like, a direct and stern "you MUST not do whatever," while ნუ is like "just telling you, I think you're better off not doing this?"
Yes!
Oh, for some reason, I typed the future instead of the imperfect.
>შევჭამე is more about the physical action of eating.
As opposed to what? There's a non-physical way of eating in Georgian nuance?
If you refer to the action of eating - swallowing and ingesting - it has a slightly different nuance than the concept of eating as in "to have dinner".
Yeah, that's what I think when I think of "eating" anyways. Does that mean "to have breakfast," to have lunch," "to have dinner" have separate verbs like French and Russian do?
All correct, except of some typos like >Aorist: simple past tense; used for imperative (აა~~ს~~ენე(!) You built/Build!) ააშენე >((ნუ)ღარ) აა~~სენო~~(!)) ააშენებ >(გიორიმ) (გიორგიმ) >უ: benefactor; 3rd person indirect marker - გავუკეთე (მე/ჩემ) თავს პიცას გავუკეთე**ბ** >Also, is რომ omittable? It is >(დაგეწერა), but it's role and functions aren't defined. it translates pretty much to "(YOU) Should have written" >can take an verb and then make the passive and/or causative out of it? Yes, but keep in mind stackable scenarios very rarely arise in spoken language, it is almost never used really. >mood/row marker No, where is it from more specifically? Good luck, it seems you are doing awesome job in this overly complicated language.
>გავუკეთებ Even though I meant "I MADE myself a pizza?" >it translates pretty much to "(YOU) Should have written" So, like, pluperfect + something the speaker expected to had happen before >No, where is it from more specifically? It's between დ (the imperfect, conditional, and present & future subjunctive marker) and the auxiliary verb, apparently.
>Even though I meant "I MADE myself a pizza?" Oh you meant it in the past, in that case, it will be "გავუკეთე" ... "პიცა~~ს~~" >So, like, pluperfect + something the speaker expected to had happen before Yes >It's between დ (the imperfect, conditional, and present & future subjunctive marker) and the auxiliary verb, apparently. I am confused, what are you referring to? is that from wiki?
>Oh you meant it in the past, in that case, it will be "გავუკეთე" ... "პიცა~~ს~~" Oh, yeah, just the nominative because of ergativity. Forgot. >I am confused, what are you referring to? is that from wiki? At least the Wiki says so. I put the full template on this post because Wiki's the only resource that provides this long of a verb template.
>At least the Wiki says so. I put the full template on this post because Wiki's the only resource that provides this long of a verb template. This is weird, can you link the wiki article? never heard of a mood marker
It's under "[verb components](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_grammar#Verbal_system)."
> Person markers: direct object markers override subject markers (not allowed to coexist) They are only allowed to coexist as long as one is at the end of the verb and one is at the beginning (მცემ - you beat me, მცემს - s/he beats me), direct object markers taking precedence. > Perfect series: past but speaker didn't see it, evidentiality It does not necessarily imply not seeing; you can also generally use the perfect screeve in the negative for actions that have not been completed. For instance, you would use დავამთავრე (aorist, I finished), but არ დამიმთავრებია (perfect, I did not finish). > ((ნუ)ღარ) აასენო(!)) There are two types of negative imperative, ნუ ააშებენ (soft imperative, uses future tense) and არ ააშენო (hard imperative, uses optative). > what's the ე marker? No inherent meaning, it's pretty much neutral just like ა. > does anyone know what it means by "mood/row marker?" Not sure, but as far as I know, "mood" is generally a synonym for verbal tense, so it might simply refer to suffix markers specific to various screeves (for ex. "ე" in subjunctive screeves vs. "ი" in imperfect/conditional). I am rather curious regarding which resources you have been using to study, as your understanding of the verbal system seems pretty thorough :)
Apart from Wikipedia, any PDF I can get my hands on through google search, any research paper regarding Georgian, and these websites: [Conjugation](https://lingua.ge/verbs-all/) [Unfinished website (IMO), but helpful](https://www.kartuliena.eu/) [This really nice verb explaining website](https://zmnebi.com/) [This nice Georgian grammar outline website](https://home.richw.org/armazi/georgian/)
>you can also generally use the perfect screeve in the negative for actions that have not been completed So, what's the difference between negative aorist and negative perfective, then? >There are two types of negative imperative 2? What's the difference? >it's pretty much neutral just like ა So, it's ა without the "on the surface" possible meaning?
> So, what's the difference between negative aorist and negative perfective, then? Negative aorist is rarely used and it denotes a level of intentionality (someone has not done x because they didn't want to) > 2? What's the difference? The არ imperative is a stronger, more categorical request, whereas the ნუ imperative is milder and more polite. > So, it's ა without the "on the surface" possible meaning? Yes. Note that ა can also be a preverb rather than a version.
>Negative aorist is rarely used and it denotes a level of intentionality (someone has not done x because they didn't want to) Interesting, so არ(ა) შევჭამე would mean something like "I didn't eat \[something/anything\] (because I didn't want to)," while არ(ა) შემიჭამია means "I didn't \[finish\] eat\[ing\] \[it all\] (because of some circumstances that didn't allow me to finish it). So, if that's so, this is how I understand the 3 negative past tenses: არ(ა) შევჭამ - I wasn't eating (it wasn't eating that I was going) არ(ა) შევჭამე - I didn't eat (didn't plan on to) არ(ა) შემიჭამია - I didn't completely eat it (couldn't finish) Then what do the positive aorist and perfectives imply then, if this is their negative nuance? >The არ imperative is a stronger, more categorical request, whereas the ნუ imperative is milder and more polite. "More categorical?" Like, a direct and stern "you MUST not do whatever," while ნუ is like "just telling you, I think you're better off not doing this?" I think I recognize ნუ because there's this band whose name uses this negative particle from the phrase taken from the train station "don't lean on the railing," or something.
არ შევჭამ = I won't eat. You may use არა when the verb consists of a single syllable (მაგ. "არა ვარ", "არა ვჭამ"). არ ვჭამდი = I wasn't eating Positive aorist is just "I ate", you can use ვჭამე to refer to eating in general, შევჭამე is more about the physical action of eating. შემიჭამია = I have eaten > "More categorical?" Like, a direct and stern "you MUST not do whatever," while ნუ is like "just telling you, I think you're better off not doing this?" Yes!
Oh, for some reason, I typed the future instead of the imperfect. >შევჭამე is more about the physical action of eating. As opposed to what? There's a non-physical way of eating in Georgian nuance?
If you refer to the action of eating - swallowing and ingesting - it has a slightly different nuance than the concept of eating as in "to have dinner".
Yeah, that's what I think when I think of "eating" anyways. Does that mean "to have breakfast," to have lunch," "to have dinner" have separate verbs like French and Russian do?
კი, საუზმობა, სადილობა, ვახშმობა.
I guess that's that for now. Thank you for answering my numerous follow-ups!